Rate limit for WS subscriptions

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/DefaultTbEntityDataSubscriptionService.java

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.query.EntityDataQuery;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.query.EntityKey;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.query.EntityKeyType;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.query.TsValue;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.tools.TbRateLimitsException;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.alarm.AlarmService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.attributes.AttributesService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.entity.EntityService;
@@ -66,8 +69,6 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.cmd.v2.LatestValueCmd;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.cmd.v2.TimeSeriesCmd;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.cmd.v2.UnsubscribeCmd;
 
-import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
-import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -355,6 +356,9 @@ public class DefaultTbEntityDataSubscriptionService implements TbEntityDataSubsc
 
     private void handleWsCmdRuntimeException(String sessionId, RuntimeException e, EntityDataCmd cmd) {
         log.debug("[{}] Failed to process ws cmd: {}", sessionId, cmd, e);
+        if (e instanceof TbRateLimitsException) {
+            return;
+        }
         wsService.close(sessionId, CloseStatus.SERVICE_RESTARTED);
     }
 

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/DefaultTbLocalSubscriptionService.java

@@ -15,16 +15,20 @@
  */
 package org.thingsboard.server.service.subscription;
 
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
 import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.thingsboard.common.util.DeduplicationUtil;
 import org.thingsboard.common.util.DonAsynchron;
 import org.thingsboard.common.util.ThingsBoardExecutors;
 import org.thingsboard.common.util.ThingsBoardThreadFactory;
+import org.thingsboard.server.cache.limits.RateLimitService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.cluster.TbClusterService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.AttributeScope;
-import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.DataConstants;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.EntityType;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.alarm.AlarmInfo;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.id.EntityId;
@@ -34,10 +38,12 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.BaseReadTsKvQuery;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.BasicTsKvEntry;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.ReadTsKvQuery;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.TsKvEntry;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.limit.LimitedApi;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.plugin.ComponentLifecycleEvent;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.queue.ServiceType;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.queue.TbCallback;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.queue.TopicPartitionInfo;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.tools.TbRateLimitsException;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.attributes.AttributesService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.timeseries.TimeseriesService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.gen.transport.TransportProtos;
@@ -46,13 +52,12 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.queue.discovery.TbServiceInfoProvider;
 import org.thingsboard.server.queue.discovery.event.ClusterTopologyChangeEvent;
 import org.thingsboard.server.queue.util.TbCoreComponent;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.WebSocketService;
+import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.WebSocketSessionRef;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.notification.sub.NotificationRequestUpdate;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.notification.sub.NotificationsSubscriptionUpdate;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.sub.AlarmSubscriptionUpdate;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.sub.TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate;
 
-import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
-import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -88,13 +93,20 @@ public class DefaultTbLocalSubscriptionService implements TbLocalSubscriptionSer
     private final TbClusterService clusterService;
     private final SubscriptionManagerService subscriptionManagerService;
     private final WebSocketService webSocketService;
+    private final RateLimitService rateLimitService;
 
     private ExecutorService tsCallBackExecutor;
     private ScheduledExecutorService staleSessionCleanupExecutor;
 
+    @Value("${server.ws.rate_limits.subscriptions_per_tenant:2000:60}")
+    private String subscriptionsPerTenantRateLimit;
+    @Value("${server.ws.rate_limits.subscriptions_per_user:500:60}")
+    private String subscriptionsPerUserRateLimit;
+
     public DefaultTbLocalSubscriptionService(AttributesService attrService, TimeseriesService tsService, TbServiceInfoProvider serviceInfoProvider,
                                              PartitionService partitionService, TbClusterService clusterService,
-                                             @Lazy SubscriptionManagerService subscriptionManagerService, @Lazy WebSocketService webSocketService) {
+                                             @Lazy SubscriptionManagerService subscriptionManagerService, @Lazy WebSocketService webSocketService,
+                                             RateLimitService rateLimitService) {
         this.attrService = attrService;
         this.tsService = tsService;
         this.serviceInfoProvider = serviceInfoProvider;
@@ -102,6 +114,7 @@ public class DefaultTbLocalSubscriptionService implements TbLocalSubscriptionSer
         this.clusterService = clusterService;
         this.subscriptionManagerService = subscriptionManagerService;
         this.webSocketService = webSocketService;
+        this.rateLimitService = rateLimitService;
     }
 
     private String serviceId;
@@ -164,9 +177,18 @@ public class DefaultTbLocalSubscriptionService implements TbLocalSubscriptionSer
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void addSubscription(TbSubscription<?> subscription) {
+    public void addSubscription(TbSubscription<?> subscription, WebSocketSessionRef sessionRef) {
         TenantId tenantId = subscription.getTenantId();
         EntityId entityId = subscription.getEntityId();
+        if (!rateLimitService.checkRateLimit(LimitedApi.WS_SUBSCRIPTIONS, (Object) tenantId, subscriptionsPerTenantRateLimit)) {
+            handleRateLimitError(subscription, sessionRef, "Exceeded rate limit for WS subscriptions per tenant");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sessionRef.getSecurityCtx() != null && !rateLimitService.checkRateLimit(LimitedApi.WS_SUBSCRIPTIONS, sessionRef.getSecurityCtx().getId(), subscriptionsPerUserRateLimit)) {
+            handleRateLimitError(subscription, sessionRef, "Exceeded rate limit for WS subscriptions per user");
+            return;
+        }
+
         log.debug("[{}][{}] Register subscription: {}", tenantId, entityId, subscription);
         SubscriptionModificationResult result;
         subsLock.lock();
@@ -563,4 +585,13 @@ public class DefaultTbLocalSubscriptionService implements TbLocalSubscriptionSer
         subscriptionsBySessionId.keySet().forEach(webSocketService::cleanupIfStale);
     }
 
+    private void handleRateLimitError(TbSubscription<?> subscription, WebSocketSessionRef sessionRef, String message) {
+        String deduplicationKey = sessionRef.getSessionId() + message;
+        if (!DeduplicationUtil.alreadyProcessed(deduplicationKey, TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(15))) {
+            log.info("{} {}", sessionRef, message);
+            webSocketService.sendError(sessionRef, subscription.getSubscriptionId(), SubscriptionErrorCode.BAD_REQUEST, message);
+        }
+        throw new TbRateLimitsException(message);
+    }
+
 }

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/TbAbstractDataSubCtx.java

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public abstract class TbAbstractDataSubCtx<T extends AbstractDataQuery<? extends
             int subIdx = sessionRef.getSessionSubIdSeq().incrementAndGet();
             subToEntityIdMap.put(subIdx, entityData.getEntityId());
             localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(
-                    createTsSub(entityData, subIdx, false, startTs, endTs, keyStates, resultToLatestValues));
+                    createTsSub(entityData, subIdx, false, startTs, endTs, keyStates, resultToLatestValues), sessionRef);
         });
     }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public abstract class TbAbstractDataSubCtx<T extends AbstractDataQuery<? extends
         Map<EntityKeyType, List<EntityKey>> keysByType = getEntityKeyByTypeMap(keys);
         for (EntityData entityData : data.getData()) {
             List<TbSubscription> entitySubscriptions = addSubscriptions(entityData, keysByType, latestValues, startTs, endTs);
-            entitySubscriptions.forEach(localSubscriptionService::addSubscription);
+            entitySubscriptions.forEach(subscription -> localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription, sessionRef));
         }
     }
 
@@ -254,4 +254,5 @@ public abstract class TbAbstractDataSubCtx<T extends AbstractDataQuery<? extends
     abstract void sendWsMsg(String sessionId, TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate subscriptionUpdate, EntityKeyType keyType, boolean resultToLatestValues);
 
     protected abstract Aggregation getCurrentAggregation();
+
 }

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/TbAbstractSubCtx.java

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public abstract class TbAbstractSubCtx<T extends EntityCountQuery> {
                         .scope(TbAttributeSubscriptionScope.SERVER_SCOPE)
                         .build();
                 subToDynamicValueKeySet.add(subIdx);
-                localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(sub);
+                localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(sub, sessionRef);
             }
         } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
             log.info("[{}][{}][{}] Failed to resolve dynamic values: {}", tenantId, customerId, userId, dynamicValues.keySet());

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/TbAlarmDataSubCtx.java

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public class TbAlarmDataSubCtx extends TbAbstractDataSubCtx<AlarmDataQuery> {
                 .updateProcessor((sub, update) -> sendWsMsg(sub.getSessionId(), update))
                 .ts(startTs)
                 .build();
-        localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription);
+        localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription, sessionRef);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ public class TbAlarmDataSubCtx extends TbAbstractDataSubCtx<AlarmDataQuery> {
             newSubsList.forEach(entity -> createAlarmSubscriptionForEntity(query.getPageLink(), startTs, entity));
         }
         subIdsToCancel.forEach(subId -> localSubscriptionService.cancelSubscription(getSessionId(), subId));
-        subsToAdd.forEach(localSubscriptionService::addSubscription);
+        subsToAdd.forEach(subscription -> localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription, sessionRef));
     }
 
     private void resetInvocationCounter() {
@@ -361,4 +361,5 @@ public class TbAlarmDataSubCtx extends TbAbstractDataSubCtx<AlarmDataQuery> {
         EntityDataPageLink edpl = new EntityDataPageLink(maxEntitiesPerAlarmSubscription, 0, null, entitiesSortOrder);
         return new EntityDataQuery(query.getEntityFilter(), edpl, query.getEntityFields(), query.getLatestValues(), query.getKeyFilters());
     }
+
 }

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/TbEntityDataSubCtx.java

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public class TbEntityDataSubCtx extends TbAbstractDataSubCtx<EntityDataQuery> {
             }
         }
         subIdsToCancel.forEach(subId -> localSubscriptionService.cancelSubscription(getSessionId(), subId));
-        subsToAdd.forEach(localSubscriptionService::addSubscription);
+        subsToAdd.forEach(subscription -> localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription, sessionRef));
         sendWsMsg(new EntityDataUpdate(cmdId, data, null, maxEntitiesPerDataSubscription));
     }
 
@@ -239,4 +239,5 @@ public class TbEntityDataSubCtx extends TbAbstractDataSubCtx<EntityDataQuery> {
     protected EntityDataQuery buildEntityDataQuery() {
         return query;
     }
+
 }

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/subscription/TbLocalSubscriptionService.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.TsKvEntry;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.queue.TbCallback;
 import org.thingsboard.server.gen.transport.TransportProtos;
 import org.thingsboard.server.queue.discovery.event.ClusterTopologyChangeEvent;
+import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.WebSocketSessionRef;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.notification.sub.NotificationRequestUpdate;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.notification.sub.NotificationsSubscriptionUpdate;
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 
 public interface TbLocalSubscriptionService {
 
-    void addSubscription(TbSubscription<?> subscription);
+    void addSubscription(TbSubscription<?> subscription, WebSocketSessionRef sessionRef);
 
     void onSubEventCallback(TransportProtos.TbEntitySubEventCallbackProto subEventCallback, TbCallback callback);
 

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/ws/DefaultWebSocketService.java

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
+import jakarta.annotation.Nullable;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.BasicTsKvEntry;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.ReadTsKvQuery;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.kv.TsKvEntry;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.tenant.profile.DefaultTenantProfileConfiguration;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.msg.tools.TbRateLimitsException;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.attributes.AttributesService;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.tenant.TbTenantProfileCache;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.timeseries.TimeseriesService;
@@ -80,10 +84,6 @@ import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.cmd.v2.EntityDataUpdate;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.cmd.v2.UnsubscribeCmd;
 import org.thingsboard.server.service.ws.telemetry.sub.TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate;
 
-import jakarta.annotation.Nullable;
-import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
-import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -224,9 +224,10 @@ public class DefaultWebSocketService implements WebSocketService {
             try {
                 Optional.ofNullable(cmdsHandlers.get(cmd.getType()))
                         .ifPresent(cmdHandler -> cmdHandler.handle(sessionRef, cmd));
+            } catch (TbRateLimitsException e) {
+                log.debug("{} Failed to handle WS cmd: {}", sessionRef, cmd, e);
             } catch (Exception e) {
-                log.error("[sessionId: {}, tenantId: {}, userId: {}] Failed to handle WS cmd: {}", sessionId,
+                log.error("{} Failed to handle WS cmd: {}", sessionRef, cmd, e);
-                        sessionRef.getSecurityCtx().getTenantId(), sessionRef.getSecurityCtx().getId(), cmd, e);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -468,7 +469,7 @@ public class DefaultWebSocketService implements WebSocketService {
 
                 subLock.lock();
                 try {
-                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub);
+                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub, sessionRef);
                     sendUpdate(sessionRef, new TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate(cmd.getCmdId(), attributesData));
                 } finally {
                     subLock.unlock();
@@ -581,7 +582,7 @@ public class DefaultWebSocketService implements WebSocketService {
 
                 subLock.lock();
                 try {
-                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub);
+                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub, sessionRef);
                     sendUpdate(sessionRef, new TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate(cmd.getCmdId(), attributesData));
                 } finally {
                     subLock.unlock();
@@ -678,7 +679,7 @@ public class DefaultWebSocketService implements WebSocketService {
 
                 subLock.lock();
                 try {
-                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub);
+                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub, sessionRef);
                     sendUpdate(sessionRef, new TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate(cmd.getCmdId(), data));
                 } finally {
                     subLock.unlock();
@@ -733,7 +734,7 @@ public class DefaultWebSocketService implements WebSocketService {
 
                 subLock.lock();
                 try {
-                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub);
+                    oldSubService.addSubscription(sub, sessionRef);
                     sendUpdate(sessionRef, new TelemetrySubscriptionUpdate(cmd.getCmdId(), data));
                 } finally {
                     subLock.unlock();

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/ws/notification/DefaultNotificationCommandsHandler.java

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public class DefaultNotificationCommandsHandler implements NotificationCommandsH
                 .updateProcessor(this::handleNotificationsSubscriptionUpdate)
                 .limit(cmd.getLimit())
                 .build();
-        localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription);
+        localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription, sessionRef);
 
         fetchUnreadNotifications(subscription);
         sendUpdate(sessionRef.getSessionId(), subscription.createFullUpdate());
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public class DefaultNotificationCommandsHandler implements NotificationCommandsH
                 .entityId(securityCtx.getId())
                 .updateProcessor(this::handleNotificationsCountSubscriptionUpdate)
                 .build();
-        localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription);
+        localSubscriptionService.addSubscription(subscription, sessionRef);
 
         fetchUnreadNotificationsCount(subscription);
         sendUpdate(sessionRef.getSessionId(), subscription.createUpdate());

application/src/main/resources/thingsboard.yml

@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ server:
     max_queue_messages_per_session: "${TB_SERVER_WS_DEFAULT_QUEUE_MESSAGES_PER_SESSION:1000}"
     # Maximum time between WS session opening and sending auth command
     auth_timeout_ms: "${TB_SERVER_WS_AUTH_TIMEOUT_MS:10000}"
+    rate_limits:
+      # Per-tenant rate limit for WS subscriptions
+      subscriptions_per_tenant: "${TB_SERVER_WS_SUBSCRIPTIONS_PER_TENANT_RATE_LIMIT:2000:60}"
+      # Per-user rate limit for WS subscriptions
+      subscriptions_per_user: "${TB_SERVER_WS_SUBSCRIPTIONS_PER_USER_RATE_LIMIT:500:60}"
   rest:
     server_side_rpc:
       # Minimum value of the server-side RPC timeout. May override value provided in the REST API call.

common/data/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/common/data/limit/LimitedApi.java

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ public enum LimitedApi {
     TRANSPORT_MESSAGES_PER_DEVICE("transport messages per device", false),
     TRANSPORT_MESSAGES_PER_GATEWAY("transport messages per gateway", false),
     TRANSPORT_MESSAGES_PER_GATEWAY_DEVICE("transport messages per gateway device", false),
-    EMAILS("emails sending", true);
+    EMAILS("emails sending", true),
+    WS_SUBSCRIPTIONS("WS subscriptions", false);
 
     private Function<DefaultTenantProfileConfiguration, String> configExtractor;
     @Getter

common/message/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/common/msg/tools/TbRateLimitsException.java

@@ -30,4 +30,10 @@ public class TbRateLimitsException extends AbstractRateLimitException {
         super(entityType.name() + " rate limits reached!");
         this.entityType = entityType;
     }
+
+    public TbRateLimitsException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+        this.entityType = null;
+    }
+
 }

common/util/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/common/util/DeduplicationUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright © 2016-2024 The Thingsboard Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.thingsboard.common.util;
+
+import org.springframework.util.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import static org.springframework.util.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap.ReferenceType.SOFT;
+
+public class DeduplicationUtil {
+
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<Object, Long> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(16, SOFT);
+
+    public static boolean alreadyProcessed(Object deduplicationKey, long deduplicationDuration) {
+        AtomicBoolean alreadyProcessed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        cache.compute(deduplicationKey, (key, lastProcessedTs) -> {
+            if (lastProcessedTs != null) {
+                long passed = System.currentTimeMillis() - lastProcessedTs;
+                if (passed <= deduplicationDuration) {
+                    alreadyProcessed.set(true);
+                    return lastProcessedTs;
+                }
+            }
+            return System.currentTimeMillis();
+        });
+        return alreadyProcessed.get();
+    }
+
+}