4.4 KiB
4.4 KiB
Built-in operators
The following operators can be used in expressions:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
+ |
Addition or unary plus | 2 + 3 or +3 |
- |
Subtraction or unary minus | 5 - 2 or -3 |
* |
Multiplication | 4 * 2 |
/ |
Division | 10 / 2 |
^ |
Exponentiation | 2 ^ 3 |
% |
Modulo | 10 % 3 |
Implicit multiplication
Expressions supports implicit multiplication, allowing you to omit the multiplication operator in certain cases. For example, the expression 2cos(yx) is interpreted as 2*cos(y*x). Similarly, 3x is interpreted as 3*x, and xy as x*y. This feature makes writing expressions more concise and natural.
Built-in constants
Available constants for calculations:
| Constant | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|
π or pi |
The mathematical constant π | 3.141592653589793 |
e |
Euler's number | 2.718281828459045 |
φ |
The golden ratio | 1.618033988749895 |
Built-in mathematical functions
The following built-in mathematical functions can be used to perform various calculations:
| Function | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
abs(x) |
Absolute value of x. |
abs(-7) = 7 |
acos(x) |
Arc cosine of x, result in radians. Requires -1 ≤ x ≤ 1. |
acos(1) = 0 |
asin(x) |
Arc sine of x, result in radians. Requires -1 ≤ x ≤ 1. |
asin(0) = 0 |
atan(x) |
Arc tangent of x, result in radians. |
atan(0) = 0 |
cbrt(x) |
Cube root of x. |
cbrt(8) = 2 |
ceil(x) |
Rounds x up to the nearest integer. |
ceil(3.1) = 4 |
cos(x) |
Cosine of x, where x is in radians. |
cos(0) = 1 |
cosh(x) |
Hyperbolic cosine of x. |
cosh(0) = 1 |
cot(x) |
Cotangent of x (1 / tan(x)), where x is in radians. |
cot(0.7854) ≈ 1 |
exp(x) |
Computes e^x. |
exp(0) = 1 |
expm1(x) |
Computes e^x - 1 accurately for small x. |
expm1(0) = 0 |
floor(x) |
Rounds x down to the nearest integer. |
floor(3.9) = 3 |
ln(x) |
Natural logarithm (base e) of x. Requires x > 0. |
ln(1) = 0 |
log(x) |
Natural logarithm (base e) of x. Requires x > 0. |
log(1) = 0 |
lg(x) |
Natural logarithm (base 10) of x. Requires x > 0. |
lg(10) = 1 |
log10(x) |
Logarithm base 10 of x. Requires x > 0. |
log10(100) = 2 |
log2(x) |
Logarithm base 2 of x. Requires x > 0. |
log2(8) = 3 |
logab(a, b) |
Logarithm of b with base a. Requires a > 0, b > 0, a ≠ 1. |
logab(2, 8) = 3 |
log1p(x) |
Computes ln(1 + x) accurately for small x. Requires x > -1. |
log1p(0) = 0 |
pow(x, y) |
Raises x to the power of y (x^y). |
pow(2, 3) = 8 |
signum(x) |
Returns the sign of x: -1 if x < 0, 0 if x = 0, 1 if x > 0. |
signum(-5) = -1 |
sin(x) |
Sine of x, where x is in radians. |
sin(0) = 0 |
sinh(x) |
Hyperbolic sine of x. |
sinh(0) = 0 |
sqrt(x) |
Square root of x. Requires x ≥ 0. |
sqrt(4) = 2 |
tan(x) |
Tangent of x, where x is in radians. |
tan(0) = 0 |
tanh(x) |
Hyperbolic tangent of x. |
tanh(0) = 0 |